Interactive Life Cycle Assessment Dashboard

Select a product, an LCIA method, and an impact category to explore results, hotspots, and lifecycle contributions.

Total impact by category

Hotspot analysis

Lifecycle contribution (Sankey)

Product comparison

Methodological notes

Results are based on BAFU:2026 (Swiss Federal LCA database) and displayed for illustrative purposes.

Each LCIA method has different strengths and weaknesses. Reliability flags indicate which results should be trusted and which should be cross-checked with alternative methods.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) – A strategic tool for sustainable business

Life Cycle Assessment is not just a compliance exercise. It is a strategic decision‑making tool that uncovers hidden opportunities for efficiency, innovation, and competitive advantage. By grounding decisions in data, LCA helps organizations compare and improve existing products, evaluate new designs, and understand their impact across the entire value chain.

Beyond a simple carbon footprint, LCA offers a holistic view of resource use, emissions, and trade‑offs, transforming sustainability from a cost into a driver of business value.

The LCA methodology — ISO 14040 / 14044

Every study we deliver follows the four interconnected phases defined by the ISO standards:

  1. Goal & Scope: Define the objective, system boundaries, and the functional unit.
  2. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI): Quantify all inputs and outputs across every unit process in the value chain.
  3. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA): Translate inventory data into environmental impacts using internationally recognized methods.
  4. Interpretation: Identify hotspots, quantify trade‑offs, and convert results into actionable recommendations.

The framework is always the same. What changes is the depth, scale, and tools we deploy — adapted to each firm's maturity and objectives.

How REGENERGY supports firms of every size

🌱 For firms starting their LCA journey

We help you understand what LCA is, what it is not, and how to use it as a practical decision‑making tool. Our approach at this stage is deliberately lean:

  • Simple, accessible tools — Lightweight screening to identify where your most significant impacts lie.
  • Capacity building — Training that empowers your team to internalize LCA concepts.
  • Immediate business value — Quick wins in efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness.
  • EPD & PCF readiness — We transform your LCA results into verified, market‑ready documents.

The goal at this stage is not to produce a perfect study — it is to embed LCA thinking into your decisions, because that is where it delivers real value: stronger competitiveness, better energy and resource efficiency, and sustainability across environmental, economic, and social dimensions.

🏭 For firms already running LCA

When LCA practices are already mature, the challenge shifts from doing LCA to systematizing it — so it scales, stays consistent, and reflects the full value chain rather than isolated product snapshots. We act as a technical partner:

  • Systematization of LCA information — Structured data architectures and workflows that run LCA repeatedly and reproducibly at scale.
  • Upstream and downstream visibility — Mapping value chain activities beyond your own operations.
  • Supplier data integration — Collecting, verifying, and integrating reliable supplier‑specific data.
  • Advanced LCIA and multi‑method comparison — Cross‑method analysis to test robustness and align with different regulatory frameworks.
  • Hotspot and contribution analysis — Granular breakdowns by lifecycle stage and unit process.
  • Alignment with reporting frameworks — ESG, CSRD, GRI, SBTi, and the EU Digital Product Passport.

At this stage, the objective is to build LCA into a permanent capability, not a one‑off project.

Whether you are taking your first steps or scaling a mature LCA practice, one output consistently transforms LCA from an internal exercise into a market‑facing asset: the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). It is the bridge between your data and your customers, your regulators, and your reputation. The next section explores what EPDs are, how they are built on LCA results, and how firms use them to gain a competitive edge.

Environmental Product Declarations (EPD)

What is an EPD?

An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardized, verified document that communicates transparent and comparable environmental information about the life‑cycle impact of a product. It is a Type III environmental declaration as defined by ISO 14025, which means it is based on life‑cycle assessment (LCA) data and follows pre‑defined rules. EPDs do not compare products directly; instead, they provide objective data that allow purchasers and users to make informed comparisons between products that fulfill the same function.

How are EPDs based on LCA results?

EPDs are built on the results of an LCA conducted in accordance with the ISO 14040 series. The LCA quantifies the environmental impacts (e.g., global warming potential, acidification, resource depletion) across the product's life cycle. These results are then reported in the EPD using predetermined parameters and, where relevant, additional environmental information. The EPD may present either inventory data (LCI) or impact category indicators (LCIA), or both, depending on the Product Category Rules (PCR) requirements.

Key to this process is the use of information modules – data sets that cover a unit process or a combination of processes. These modules can be combined to create a full life‑cycle declaration, or they can be exchanged along the supply chain to avoid duplication of effort.

Main rules for conducting an EPD

  • ISO 14025 – The overarching standard for Type III environmental declarations.
  • Product Category Rules (PCR) – Specific rules ensuring comparability within product categories.
  • Independent verification – Required for credibility and market acceptance.
  • Program operator – Administers the EPD program and ensures consistency.
  • Transparency and comparability – Enables fair comparisons between products fulfilling the same function.

How firms use EPDs

  • Market access and regulatory compliance – Required for green public procurement and green building schemes such as BREEAM and LEED.
  • Competitive differentiation – Verified environmental performance builds trust with customers and investors.
  • Supply chain communication – Enables environmental data exchange along the value chain.
  • Internal improvement – Identifies environmental hotspots for R&D and process optimization.
  • Marketing and reputation – Supports credible green claims.

In short, EPDs transform LCA data into a practical, market‑ready communication tool.

An EPD quantifies the environmental dimension of a product — but environmental impact is only one side of the coin. To make truly informed decisions, organizations also need to understand the economic dimension: what does this product actually cost, not just upfront, but across its entire life cycle? This is where Life Cycle Costing — and its environmental extension, ELCC — comes in. Conducted side by side with LCA, LCC provides the economic counterpart to the environmental analysis.

Interactive Life Cycle Costing Dashboard

Select a product to explore the economic dimension of its lifecycle — absolute costs (USD and MXN) and their share of total cost across lifecycle phases and unit processes.

Total lifecycle cost —
Dominant phase —
Top process —

Cost by lifecycle phase

Share of total cost by phase

Top 10 unit processes by cost

Detailed cost breakdown by unit process

Unit process Lifecycle phase Cost % of total

Methodological notes

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) quantifies the total cost of a product across its entire lifecycle — from raw material extraction through production, use, and end-of-life.

Costs are computed from unit prices in price_data.csv (based on EXIOBASE 3 and market references), multiplied by the quantity of each unit process in the supply chain. Currency conversion: 1 EUR = 1.08 USD; 1 USD = 17.5 MXN.

Costs for the Use and End-of-Life phases are estimated using average sectoral prices from EXIOBASE 3 and curated market references. While energy consumption and basic waste treatment are captured, granular product-specific costs (e.g., scheduled spare part replacements, detailed dismantling logistics, or residual salvage value) are approximated. A full bottom-up Life Cycle Costing (LCC) study would require primary data collection for maintenance schedules and specific end-of-life contracts.

Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) extends this analysis by monetizing environmental externalities identified in the LCA — internalizing costs that would otherwise be borne by society.

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Economic Life Cycle Analysis

What is Life Cycle Costing?

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is an economic analysis method that calculates the total cost of a product, service, or asset over its entire life cycle – from acquisition, through operation and maintenance, to disposal. LCC goes beyond the initial purchase price to capture all relevant costs such as energy consumption, repairs, replacement parts, and end‑of‑life management.

Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC)

Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) extends traditional LCC by integrating the environmental dimension. In ELCC, the costs of environmental impacts identified in an LCA are monetized and added to the internal costs. This approach follows the SETAC code of practice and aligns with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. ELCC is one of the three pillars of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA), alongside environmental LCA and Social LCA.

Key components and steps in ELCC

  • Goal and scope definition – Define the perspective, functional unit, system boundaries, and time horizon.
  • Life cycle cost inventory – Collect and organize cost data for all relevant life‑cycle phases.
  • Monetization of environmental impacts – Convert environmental impacts into monetary values using carbon pricing, damage cost methods, or willingness‑to‑pay techniques.
  • Application of economic indicators – Apply discount rates, net present value (NPV), and other financial metrics.
  • Uncertainty analysis – Sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, or Monte Carlo simulation.

These steps are detailed in the SETAC code of practice and supported by ISO 14008, ISO 14045, and ISO 15686‑5.

How firms benefit from LCC and ELCC

  • Cost savings and efficiency – Identify cost drivers across the life cycle and target efficiency improvements.
  • Better procurement decisions – Select products that are economically optimal over the long term.
  • Risk management – Anticipate future liabilities such as carbon taxes or resource scarcity.
  • Competitive advantage – Transparent communication of life‑cycle costs differentiates brands.
  • Support for sustainability reporting – Quantify the economic dimension of sustainability.

Environmental impact and economic cost tell us a great deal about a product — but they say nothing about its social dimension. Who is affected by the value chain? Under what conditions? For organizations committed to holistic sustainability, the third pillar of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment is Social LCA. Following the newly published ISO 14075:2024, S-LCA evaluates the social and socio‑economic performance of the value chain across five stakeholder groups.

Interactive Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) Dashboard

Evaluate social risks and impacts across the value chain, categorized by UNEP stakeholder groups and lifecycle phases.

Impact distribution by Stakeholder

Social risk by Lifecycle Phase

Top 15 social impact indicators

Indicator Stakeholder Dominant phase Score % of total

Methodological notes

S-LCA results are based on PSILCA v3 risk factors, representing potential social impacts (e.g., hours of child labor risk per million EUR of economic activity).

Negative scores in indicators like "Contribution to Economic Development" represent positive social benefits (value added), while positive scores represent social risks or burdens.

Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA)

What is S-LCA?

A Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) is a methodology developed to assess the positive and negative social impacts of products and services along their entire life cycle. It complements environmental LCA and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) by evaluating the social and socio‑economic aspects of products.

In October 2024, ISO published ISO 14075:2024 – Environmental management — Principles and framework for social life cycle assessment, establishing a formal framework for S-LCA. This standard provides goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, interpretation, and reporting requirements for S-LCA studies.

Stakeholders and impact categories

The UNEP Guidelines identify five main stakeholder groups affected by a product system:

  • Workers – Fair wages, working hours, health and safety, freedom of association, child labor.
  • Local community – Employment, infrastructure, cultural heritage, access to resources.
  • Society (national and global) – Economic development, technology transfer, human rights.
  • Consumers – Product safety, transparency, consumer rights.
  • Value chain actors – Suppliers, distributors, business partners.

How firms use S-LCA

  • Supply chain due diligence – Identify social hotspots and comply with the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive.
  • Product design and innovation – Anticipate social risks at early design stages.
  • Sustainability reporting and ESG disclosure – Verifiable data on social performance.
  • Competitive differentiation – Transparent social performance builds brand reputation.
  • Risk management and resilience – Build more resilient supply chains.

Together, environmental LCA, LCC, and S-LCA form the three pillars of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment. But many organizations need to start from a more focused entry point: understanding their greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon Accounting — based on the internationally recognized GHG Protocol — provides that entry point, quantifying emissions across Scopes 1, 2, and 3 and aligning with the emerging global standards for climate disclosure.

Carbon Accounting | Greenhouse Gases Inventory

What is Carbon Accounting?

Carbon accounting (or greenhouse gas accounting) is the process of measuring, reporting, and managing the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that an organization, product, or activity emits or removes from the atmosphere. The most widely used international framework is the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol, established through a partnership between the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).

A GHG inventory typically covers the seven greenhouse gases of the Kyoto Protocol: CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, and NF₃, quantified in tonnes of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e).

The three scopes of GHG emissions

  • Scope 1 (Direct Emissions) – Emissions from sources owned or controlled by the organization.
  • Scope 2 (Indirect Emissions from Purchased Energy) – Emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heat, and cooling.
  • Scope 3 (Other Indirect Emissions) – All other value chain emissions, organized in 15 categories (upstream and downstream).

Key GHG Protocol standards

  • Corporate Standard – Requirements for corporate-level GHG inventories.
  • Scope 3 Standard – Methodology for value chain emissions across 15 categories.
  • Product Standard – Requirements for product-level carbon footprints (PCF).

ISO–GHG Protocol Partnership

In September 2025, ISO and the GHG Protocol announced a strategic partnership to harmonize their standards and co‑develop a single global framework for emissions accounting — delivering a common language for emissions accounting that is trusted, consistent, and scalable.

How firms benefit from carbon accounting

  • Regulatory compliance and risk management – Meet mandatory climate disclosure requirements (CSRD, ISSB).
  • Identifying reduction opportunities – Prioritize reduction actions where they matter most.
  • Cost savings and efficiency – Reveal inefficiencies in energy use, transportation, and materials.
  • Stakeholder trust and competitive advantage – Transparent reporting differentiates brands.
  • Supply chain engagement – Partner with suppliers and customers to reduce value chain emissions.

Once emissions are quantified, the next question is: what does it cost to reduce them? Techno‑Economic Analysis and Cost‑Benefit Analysis provide the answer, evaluating the technical and economic viability of decarbonization strategies under different assumptions about energy prices, carbon prices, and technology costs. Together with carbon accounting, they close the loop between measuring emissions and acting on them.

Techno‑Economic Analysis of decarbonization strategies | Cost‑benefit Analysis

What is Techno‑Economic Analysis (TEA) and Cost‑Benefit Analysis (CBA)?

Techno‑Economic Analysis (TEA) evaluates the technical performance and economic viability of a technology, process, or product. It combines engineering process modeling with economic assessment to estimate CAPEX, OPEX, and levelized costs of production (LCOH, LCOE).

Cost‑Benefit Analysis (CBA) evaluates the social welfare implications of a policy, project, or investment, quantifying all relevant costs and benefits — including environmental and social externalities — in monetary terms.

Applying TEA and CBA to decarbonization

  • Which technology pathway is most cost‑effective? – For example, gray hydrogen ($1.50–$2.50/kg), blue hydrogen ($2.00–$3.50/kg), and green hydrogen ($3.50–$6.00/kg).
  • What is the role of policy and carbon pricing? – Carbon pricing above $100/ton CO₂ makes gray hydrogen uncompetitive by 2030.

Methodological approaches in TEA and CBA

  • Goal and scope definition – Technology, policy, boundaries, time horizon, perspective.
  • Technical and economic modeling – Material and energy flows, CAPEX, OPEX, technical performance.
  • Monetization of externalities – Social cost of carbon, health impacts from air pollution.
  • Sensitivity and scenario analysis – Key uncertainties and stochastic optimization.
  • Interpretation and decision support – Recommendations for technology, investment, and policy.

How firms benefit from TEA and CBA

  • Informed investment decisions – Identify the most cost‑effective decarbonization pathways.
  • Risk management and scenario planning – Assess robustness under uncertainty.
  • Regulatory compliance and stakeholder engagement – Support regulatory submissions and build trust.
  • Competitive advantage – Early adoption differentiates in climate‑conscious markets.
  • Support for public policy – Engage policymakers with quantitative evidence.

How firms benefit from our services

Cost reduction and resource efficiency

LCA and Life Cycle Costing pinpoint inefficiencies in energy and material use. By identifying the lifecycle stages that consume the most resources or generate the most waste, firms can lower operational costs and total ownership costs — directly improving the bottom line.

Market‑facing transparency (EPDs & PCFs)

Through Environmental Product Declarations and Product Carbon Footprints, LCA data becomes a verified, market‑ready asset — unlocking access to green procurement, BREEAM/LEED schemes, and increasingly climate‑conscious customers and investors.

Systemic decision‑making across all three pillars

By combining environmental LCA, Social LCA, Life Cycle Costing, Carbon Accounting, and TEA, decision‑makers gain a complete picture — environmental, social, and economic — enabling trade‑offs to be assessed on evidence rather than intuition.